Vagabonds by Hao Jingfang
My rating: 4 of 5 stars Immersive, Thoughtful SF about Society and Self Vagabonds (2016) by Hao Jingfang begins in the year 2190 on earth, the year 40 on Mars, forty years after Mars won a war of independence from earth, David defeating Goliath (in the present of the novel, Mars has 20 million people to earth’s 20 billion). Ever since, the two countries have been caught in a cold war with mutual suspicion and misunderstanding, earth seeing Mars as a dictatorship where people have no individual freedom and children are exploited for labor, Mars seeing earth as a selfish, corrupt capitalist dystopia where everything and everyone is for sale. As the novel opens, a Martian spaceship called Maearth is bringing a group of Martian youths home after their five-year study stay on earth and a group of Terran diplomats on a mission to work out a trade agreement with Mars. Two of the most important point of view characters are Luoying Sloan and Eko Lu. Luoying is the dance student granddaughter of the Consul of Mars, Hans Sloan. She experiences reverse culture shock upon her return to Mars, seeing her culture through the lens of her five years on earth, making it difficult to fit back into Mars or to view either world’s system as idyllic or dystopic. She begins asking questions like why her parents were punished when she was a little girl, leading to their deaths in a mining accident; whether her grandfather is, as the Terrans say, a dictator; why she was chosen to join the group of students sent to Earth; and how she can live on Mars while chafing at limitations she didn’t notice before. Eko is a Terran film maker visiting Mars for the first time. He realizes that he is seeing Mars through the critical lens of Terran culture when he thinks that the transparent glass walls of his hotel room reveal the comprehensive surveillance of the compliant Martian citizenry but then learns that glass is the main building material on Mars and that he can make his walls opaque with the turn of a switch. Eko starts asking questions like why did his recently deceased teacher Arthur Davosky’s short visit to Mars turn into a stay of years, why did he return to earth after staying on Mars for so long, why did his teacher’s friend (who is also Eko’s patron), the influential businessman Thomas Theon, recommend that Eko talk to Luoying about his documentary on Mars, what kind of film can he make about Mars that will tell the truth while satisfying both cultures, and what kind of films did his teacher make on Mars. The first part of the novel features chapters alternating between Luoying and Eko with titles for settings on Mars (e.g., The Hotel, Home, The Film Archive). The second part of the novel is made of Luoying point of view chapters with titles for things on Mars (e.g., Membrane, Sand, Rock). The third part features chapters alternating between the points of view of multiple characters of interest with titles for their names, Luoying, her young friends (including those who stayed on Mars and those who went with her to earth), her ambitious brother Rudy, her solitary and philosophical mentor Dr. Reini, and her grandfather. One of the impressive things in this book is how Hao Jingfeng eschews easy sentimentality and typical scenes and situations involving romance and familial relationships, handling them with restraint, so that it’s moving rather than corny. Although Hao Jingfeng runs the threat of renewed war throughout her novel, she is not writing military fiction, so any bombs, battles, strategies, and casualties are only memories mentioned in passing. Readers who need plenty of violent action may be bored. That said, the trade negotiations between Mars and Earth are intense, because hawks on both sides are eager to find excuses to go to war, while political maneuverings between Martians who want to stay in their domed city or abandon it to live in an open-air crater assume great importance. And there are some suspenseful action scenes involving young Martians adventuring outside their city without permission or participating in a demonstration in Capital Square--will it turn into another Tiananmen Square event? The novel engages with world culture, referencing Camus, Dostoyevsky, Tarkovsky, St. Exupery, etc. And there is plenty of wonder-inducing sf technology, though not as much as in the writing of, say, Iain Banks. The English translation by Ken Liu reads well. It has vivid, evocative descriptions, like “The western sun shown on the stern of the ship, casting a long shadow ahead of the hull on the yellow sand like a long black sword probing over the ground.” The audiobook reader Emily Woo Zeller has a nice manner, voice, and pace, though perhaps her male voices are a bit too dramatically male. Vagabonds is a bit like The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress if Heinlein’s novel took place forty years after the war of independence from earth, but it is more reminiscent of Le Guin’s sf like The Dispossessed and “Paradises Lost” in being thoughtful, imaginative, political, character-driven, and full of convincing extrapolation about human nature and society from a set of science fictional givens. Like the best sf, the novel effervesces with ideas: on cities, freedom, creativity, art, travel, cultural exchange, commerce, communication, language, history, dance, flight, fashion, memory, fate, love, relationships, social systems, etc. If it’s possible to see Martian society mirroring that of contemporary China, Terran that of America, Hao Jingfeng doesn’t choose which is “better.” Instead, she leaves it up to the reader to decide while suggesting that all societies have good and bad points because they’re made by people, and that after all the best thing we can do is to remain individuals while helping other individuals—and to remain perpetual vagabonds without any fixed address, ever visiting different cultures. View all my reviews
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